Android向服务器传接和接收数据的方法汇总-白红宇

Android向服务器传接和接收数据的方法汇总

阅读量：5839 次

发布时间：2019-06-18

本文共 11615 字，大约阅读时间需要 38 分钟。

Android应用经常会和服务器端交互，这就需要手机客户端发送网络请求，下面介绍四种常用网络请求方式，我这边是通过Android单元测试来完成这四种方法的，还不清楚Android的单元测试的同学们请看Android开发技巧总结中的Android单元测试的步骤一文。
java.net包中的HttpURLConnection类
Get方式：
    
     
      
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      // Get方式请求  
      public static void requestByGet() throws Exception {  
          String path = "https://reg.163.com/logins.jsp?id=helloworld&pwd=android";  
          // 新建一个URL对象  
          URL url = new URL(path);  
          // 打开一个HttpURLConnection连接  
          HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();  
          // 设置连接超时时间  
          urlConn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);  
          // 开始连接  
          urlConn.connect();  
          // 判断请求是否成功  
          if (urlConn.getResponseCode() == HTTP_200) {  
              // 获取返回的数据  
              byte[] data = readStream(urlConn.getInputStream());  
              Log.i(TAG_GET, "Get方式请求成功，返回数据如下：");  
              Log.i(TAG_GET, new String(data, "UTF-8"));  
          } else {  
              Log.i(TAG_GET, "Get方式请求失败");  
          }  
          // 关闭连接  
          urlConn.disconnect();  
      }  
     
    
Post方式：
    
     
      
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      // Post方式请求  
      public static void requestByPost() throws Throwable {  
          String path = "https://reg.163.com/logins.jsp";  
          // 请求的参数转换为byte数组  
          String params = "id=" + URLEncoder.encode("helloworld", "UTF-8")  
                  + "&pwd=" + URLEncoder.encode("android", "UTF-8");  
          byte[] postData = params.getBytes();  
          // 新建一个URL对象  
          URL url = new URL(path);  
          // 打开一个HttpURLConnection连接  
          HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();  
          // 设置连接超时时间  
          urlConn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);  
          // Post请求必须设置允许输出  
          urlConn.setDoOutput(true);  
          // Post请求不能使用缓存  
          urlConn.setUseCaches(false);  
          // 设置为Post请求  
          urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST");  
          urlConn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);  
          // 配置请求Content-Type  
          urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",  
                  "application/x-www-form-urlencode");  
          // 开始连接  
          urlConn.connect();  
          // 发送请求参数  
          DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(urlConn.getOutputStream());  
          dos.write(postData);  
          dos.flush();  
          dos.close();  
          // 判断请求是否成功  
          if (urlConn.getResponseCode() == HTTP_200) {  
              // 获取返回的数据  
              byte[] data = readStream(urlConn.getInputStream());  
              Log.i(TAG_POST, "Post请求方式成功，返回数据如下：");  
              Log.i(TAG_POST, new String(data, "UTF-8"));  
          } else {  
              Log.i(TAG_POST, "Post方式请求失败");  
          }  
      }  
     
    
  
org.apache.http包中的HttpGet和HttpPost类
Get方式：
    
     
      
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      // HttpGet方式请求  
      public static void requestByHttpGet() throws Exception {  
          String path = "https://reg.163.com/logins.jsp?id=helloworld&pwd=android";  
          // 新建HttpGet对象  
          HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(path);  
          // 获取HttpClient对象  
          HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();  
          // 获取HttpResponse实例  
          HttpResponse httpResp = httpClient.execute(httpGet);  
          // 判断是够请求成功  
          if (httpResp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HTTP_200) {  
              // 获取返回的数据  
              String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResp.getEntity(), "UTF-8");  
              Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, "HttpGet方式请求成功，返回数据如下：");  
              Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, result);  
          } else {  
              Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, "HttpGet方式请求失败");  
          }  
      }  
     
    
Post方式：
    
     
      
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      // HttpPost方式请求  
      public static void requestByHttpPost() throws Exception {  
          String path = "https://reg.163.com/logins.jsp";  
          // 新建HttpPost对象  
          HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(path);  
          // Post参数  
          List
        
          params = 
         new
          ArrayList
          
           ();  
          
        
          params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("id", "helloworld"));  
          params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pwd", "android"));  
          // 设置字符集  
          HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, HTTP.UTF_8);  
          // 设置参数实体  
          httpPost.setEntity(entity);  
          // 获取HttpClient对象  
          HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();  
          // 获取HttpResponse实例  
          HttpResponse httpResp = httpClient.execute(httpPost);  
          // 判断是够请求成功  
          if (httpResp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HTTP_200) {  
              // 获取返回的数据  
              String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResp.getEntity(), "UTF-8");  
              Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, "HttpPost方式请求成功，返回数据如下：");  
              Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, result);  
          } else {  
              Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, "HttpPost方式请求失败");  
          }  
      }  
     
    
以上是一些部分代码，测试的时候在测试类中运行对应的测试方法即可。

package com.example.shezhi;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.OutputStream;  import java.net.HttpURLConnection;  import java.net.URL;  import java.net.URLEncoder;  import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.LinkedList;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;  import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;import org.apache.http.client.utils.URLEncodedUtils;import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  public class Update   {  	String res=" ";	int ites;	String version="1";/    public String getupdate(){	 //先将参数放入List，再对参数进行URL编码   	  List
     
       params = new LinkedList
      
       ();   	   params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("param1", "1"));   	   params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("param2", "value2"));   	     	   //对参数编码   	   String param = URLEncodedUtils.format(params, "UTF-8");   	   //baseUrl              	   String baseUrl = "http://******/index1.jsp";   	   //将URL与参数拼接   	   HttpGet getMethod = new HttpGet(baseUrl + "?" + param);   	                  	   HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();   	   try {		HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(getMethod);		 res="已经请求";	} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {		// TODO Auto-generated catch block		e.printStackTrace();	} catch (IOException e) {		// TODO Auto-generated catch block		e.printStackTrace();	} //发起GET请求   	  	   try {   	       HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(getMethod); //发起GET请求   	     	      ites=response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); //获取响应码   	      System.out.println(ites+"aaa");	       res="1213"+EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");//获取服务器响应内容   	       System.out.println(res+"vvv");	       	   } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {   	       // TODO Auto-generated catch block   	       e.printStackTrace();   	   } catch (IOException e) {   	       // TODO Auto-generated catch block   	       e.printStackTrace();   	   }  	  	   return res;   }     /********************************************************************************************  /**  * HttpClient  Post方法  * @return  */   public String Postupdate(){	   String urlPath="http://******/index1.jsp";         String realPath=urlPath.replaceAll(" ", "");//把多余的空格替换掉          HttpPost httpRequest=new HttpPost(realPath);	   // 添加要传递的参数  	   List
       
         params = new ArrayList
        
         ();	   NameValuePair pair1 = new BasicNameValuePair("username", "gzw");	   NameValuePair pair2 = new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123");	   params.add(pair1);	   params.add(pair2);       try       {    	// 设置字符集      	   HttpEntity httpentity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "utf-8");      	   // 请求httpRequest    	   httpRequest.setEntity(httpentity);     	   // 取得默认的HttpClient     	   HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();     	   // 取得HttpResponse      	   HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest);     	   // HttpStatus.SC_OK表示连接成功      	   if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK)     	   {        		   // 取得返回的字符串     		   String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());     		   res=strResult;    	   }     	   else         	   {        		      		   res="失败";    	   }     	          }catch  (Exception e)          {    	   e.printStackTrace();       }       return res;    }/********************************************************************************************/    /**    * 调用java类  get方法    */        public String get_update(){	   String urlPath="http://******/index1.jsp"+"?type=save&version="+version+"";         String realPath=urlPath.replaceAll(" ", "");//把多余的空格替换掉          try       {    	   if(getRequest(realPath))           {        	   //成功    		   res="成功";           }    	          }catch  (Exception e)          {    	   res="失败";       }       return res;    }               /**    * java类  get方法    * @return    */		//get请求，有文件长度大小限制       public static boolean getRequest(String urlPath) throws Exception      {          URL url=new URL(urlPath);          HttpURLConnection con=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();          con.setRequestMethod("GET");          con.setReadTimeout(5*1000);          if(con.getResponseCode()==200)          {              return true;          }          return false;      }       /********************************************************************************************       /**     * 调用下面java类  Post方法     * @return     */        public String post_update(){ 	   String urlPath="http://www.gdhdcy.com/hdleague1/index1.jsp";          Map
         
           map=new HashMap
          
           ();//用集合来做，比字符串拼接来得直观 map.put("type", "save"); map.put("version", version); try { if(postRequest(urlPath,map)) { //成功 res="成功"; } }catch (Exception e) { res="失败"; } return res; } /** * java类 post方法 * @return */ //post请求，无文件长度大小限制 public static boolean postRequest(String urlPath,Map
           
             map) throws Exception { StringBuilder builder=new StringBuilder(); //拼接字符 //拿出键值 if(map!=null && !map.isEmpty()) { for(Map.Entry
            
              param:map.entrySet()) { builder.append(param.getKey()).append('=').append(URLEncoder.encode(param.getValue(), "utf-8")).append('&'); } builder.deleteCharAt(builder.length()-1); } //下面的Content-Length: 是这个URL的二进制数据长度 byte b[]=builder.toString().getBytes(); URL url=new URL(urlPath); HttpURLConnection con=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); con.setRequestMethod("POST"); con.setReadTimeout(5*1000); con.setDoOutput(true);//打开向外输出 con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");//内容类型 con.setRequestProperty("Content-Length",String.valueOf(b.length));//长度 OutputStream outStream=con.getOutputStream(); outStream.write(b);//写入数据 outStream.flush();//刷新内存 outStream.close(); //状态码是不成功 if(con.getResponseCode()==200) { return true; } return false; } }